Martes, Agosto 9, 2011

Gerunds after Prepositions

Posted by Teacher Shane | Martes, Agosto 9, 2011 | Category: | 0 comments

This is a good rule. It has no exceptions!

If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund. It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition. So for example, we say:
  • I will call you after arriving at the office.
  • Please have a drink before leaving.
  • I am looking forward to meeting you.
  • Do you object to working late?
  • Tara always dreams about going on holiday.
Notice that you could replace all the above gerunds with "real" nouns:
  • I will call you after my arrival at the office.
  • Please have a drink before your departure.
  • I am looking forward to our lunch.
  • Do you object to this job?
  • Tara always dreams about holidays.
The above rule has no exceptions!
So why is "to" followed by "driving" in 1 and by "drive" in 2?
  1. I am used to driving on the left.
  2. I used to drive on the left.
to as preposition
Preposition
I am used
to
driving on the left.
I am used
to
animals.
to as infinitive
Infinitive
I used
to drive
on the left
I used
to smoke.


Source:www.englishclub.com

Gerunds as Subject, Object or Complement

Posted by Teacher Shane | | Category: | 0 comments

Try to think of gerunds as verbs in noun form.
Like nouns, gerunds can be the subject, object or complement of a sentence:
  • Smoking costs a lot of money.
  • I don't like writing.
  • My favourite occupation is reading.
But, like a verb, a gerund can also have an object itself. In this case, the whole expression [gerund + object] can be the subject, object or complement of the sentence.
  • Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money.
  • I don't like writing letters.
  • My favourite occupation is reading detective stories.
Like nouns, we can use gerunds with adjectives (including articles and other determiners):
  • pointless questioning
  • a settling of debts
  • the making of Titanic
  • his drinking of alcohol
But when we use a gerund with an article, it does not usually take a direct object:
  • a settling of debts (not a settling debts)
  • Making "Titanic" was expensive.
  • The making of "Titanic" was expensive.
Source: www.englishclub.com

Vacation Idioms

Posted by Teacher Shane | | Category: | 0 comments


Adverbs of Place and Time

Posted by Teacher Shane | | Category: | 0 comments


Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the correct adverb of place.

1. Mother's visitors are having tea (downstairs, away).

2. We live (near, upstairs) the bakery.

3. Don't go (there, nowhere), it's not a safe place.

4. Our car is waiting (nearby, upstairs).

5. She stayed (here, nowhere) for two days.

Source:First English Book

Adverbs of Manner

Posted by Teacher Shane | | Category: | 0 comments




Practice Conversation

Steven : I think I need to clean my camera. The pictures are starting to look unclear.

Tom : That's a good idea, but you have to do it carefully.

Steven : My uncle taught me how to clean my camera properly. He's a photographer.
He said I should use a soft piece of cloth and gently wipe the dirt from the
lens.

Tom : I have some pieces of flannel. Can you use that?

Steven : That's going to work perfectly. Thanks!


Exercise:



Pick out the adverbs of manner in the sentences:

1. Jaymie happily opened his birthday presents.

2. My teacher sadly told me that I failed the exam.

3. You have to run quickly if you want to catch the train!

4. Let's talk softly so that Anna will not hear us.

5. This was painted beautifully!

6. You have to hold the baby carefully.

7. Eat your food slowly; you don't have to hurry.





Adverb

Posted by Teacher Shane | | Category: | 0 comments





Source:Let's Go book

-ible, -able Rule

Posted by Teacher Shane | | Category: | 0 comments






-ible -able
If the root is not a complete word, add ..-ible
If the root is a complete word, add ..-able
aud+ ible =

audible
accept+ able = acceptable
Examples:
Examples:
visible
fashionable
horrible
laughable
terrible
suitablet
possible
dependable
incredible
comfortable

If the root is a complete word ending in -e, drop the

final -e and add -able

excuse - e+ able = excusable

advise - e+ able = advisable

Examples:

desirable

valuable


Some exceptions:

contemptible

digestible

flexible

responsible

irritable


Spelling Exercise:

In the following sentences, the final four letters are omitted from each -ible or -able word. Complete each word with the appropriate ending.

1. Last night's movie about the invis____ man was so incred____ that it was laugh____.

2. My irrespons____ little brother is usually kept away from anything break____.

3. Are these new clothes really comfort____, or do people only wear them because they are fashion____?

4. I think I would be less irrit____ if my professors were more flex____.

5. I don't think voting twice in national elections is permiss____.

6. It's always valu____ to have a friend who is depend____.

7. My employer said that it isn't suit____ to have a secretary whose handwriting is illeg____.

Lunes, Agosto 8, 2011

A or AN before H?!

Posted by Teacher Shane | Lunes, Agosto 8, 2011 | Category: | 0 comments



Use an only if the h is silent: an hour, an heir, an honourable man, an honest woman;

Use a when you pronounce the h: a hero, a hotel, a historian


(Writing tip: don’t change a direct quote if the speaker says, for example, “an historic”)

How to: Respond to a rude email

Posted by Teacher Shane | | Category: | 0 comments




It happens to us all - we receive a rude email and we get angry! Easy enough to deal with in your own language, but what about in English? When at work, it is important to keep things cool because you represent your company, and using the wrong words can hurt future business and also your reputation. So instead of responding to a rude email in anger, what can you do?


1. Do Not Answer Immediately

Take time away from the message if there's not an urgent response deadline. Sleep on it and think about how to react in a way that will show that you are professional. If you need to write something right away, you could write: "Thanks for your message; I'll get back to you shortly" - that way you have acknowledged the email, but not said anything that you will regret later.

2. Start The Email Politely
Polite does not mean the same as friendly or happy! A simple, "Thank you for your message" can set the right tone. Let the person know that you appreciate the feedback.

3. Offer a Solution
Say that you understand the issue, but then restate your objective. For example:
"I'm sorry to hear that you don't agree with our new strategy, but our goal is to help the overall organization. I would be happy to discuss things further in order to resolve the problem"
Again, you may be so angry that you want to shout at this person, but remember that you are at work and the best thing to do is to be professional.

4. Stand Your Ground
If someone has been rude to you, you do not have to take it! You can be direct and set down boundaries in your message without sounding rude. Saying something as simple as, "I appreciate your feedback, but think it may be more effective if presented in a more constructive manner," does the trick. It's important to let the person know that while you accept constructive feedback, you are on the job and things need to stay professional. There's nothing wrong with reminding him or her of that. Kindly, of course!

*This article has been re-written to target people who use English as a foreign language. For the original version see: How to Respond to Rude Email at Work | eHow.com

Linggo, Agosto 7, 2011

10 Tips for Learning English as a Second Language

Posted by Teacher Shane | Linggo, Agosto 7, 2011 | Category: | 0 comments

"What's the best way to learn a language?"

Many students and teachers have asked this question, and the answers are as different as the people asking the question. Here I will give you several tips for learning English. They are based on my own experience in learning languages. These tips helped me when I learned a foreign language, and I hope that they will help you as you work on improving your English.

1. Want to learn.
First of all, you must want to learn. If you are not interested in learning English, no class will help you, no book will help you, and no hints will make it easier. If you are not interested, you will find reasons to avoid studying, and whenever you do study, it will be very difficult. So you have to be honest with yourself. Ask yourself, "Do I really want to learn English?" If you can't answer "yes" to this question, it is better for you to set English aside until you're ready and willing to learn.


2. Identify your motivation.
Next, you need to identify your motivation. Ask yourself, "Why do I want to learn English? Why do I want to improve my English?" Some people want to learn English to get a better job, or to be considered for a promotion. Other people may need to learn English to attend university or school. Still other people may want to learn English so they can enjoy life in America more, by being able to understand movies and TV, and make friends with their American neighbors. Each person is different, so their motivations will be different also. If you have identified your motivation, it will be easier for you to learn English, because it will help to encourage you as you learn English.


3. Set goals.
Once you have identified your motivation, you can set some goals for learning English. Having goals will help you to remember what areas you want to work on, and it will help you to see your progress.

Ask yourself, "What are my goals? What areas would I like to improve?" Pronunciation? Listening comprehension? Would you like to increase your vocabulary? Do you want to know what to say when you go to the bank, the doctor, shopping? Think about what your goals are, and review once in a while to see that you are making progress toward your goals.


4. Practice, practice, practice.
After you have set your goals, you have a better idea of what you need to practice. Just like the athlete whose goal is the Olympics must train daily, you as a language learner must practice language every day to make progress toward your goal. We say, "Practice makes perfect." This means the more you practice something, the better you become at it, and the fewer mistakes you will make.

Specific ways to practice:

Speak to native English speakers as much as possible.
Write, write, write – letters, email, notes, etc.
Make phone calls to practice your English

5. Expose yourself to English as much as possible.
The more you expose yourself to English, the more you get used to it and the more familiar it becomes to you. You will start to recognize what sounds right and what sounds wrong. You will also start to understand why certain words or phrases are used instead of others, and you will start to use them in your own conversations and writing. English will start to become a habit, and little by little you will find it easier to use English.

Specific ways to increase exposure to English:

Watch TV and movies.
Listen to the radio.
Read as much as possible.

6. Enlarge your vocabulary.
Having a large vocabulary is basic to learning any language, and it is especially true in English. Reading is a very good way to learn new words. So is doing puzzles or playing different kinds of word games.


7. Have fun.
Having fun increases your ability to remember, so the more you enjoy yourself as you learn English, the easier it will be to remember. Play games and puzzles. Even simple ones, like ones written for children, provide good experience and practice for English. Comic books and newspaper comic strips are also a good way to have fun, and the pictures make it easier to understand than stories.


8. Cultivate friendships with native English speakers.
If you make friends with some native English speakers, you will find that they can be a very valuable help in your learning English. Having native English speakers friends means that you will find yourself in situations where you have no choice but to speak English. Yet since they are your friends, you will be doing things you enjoy together with them. So these situations will probably have little or no stress. Friendships with native English speakers also means that you'll have someone whom you can ask questions regarding language, culture, the suburbs, and so on.


9. Make regular study a habit.
Regular study is a key to success in learning a language. It is easier to study a little each day instead of trying to study several hours only one day a week. Also, studying a little each day makes it easier to review what you've learned and remember new things.


10. Acknowledge the progress you've made.
Finally, it is important to recognize that you will improve as you study English. Sometimes when you set your goals, they seem very difficult. Progress comes little by little, so it's hard to see if you have grown in your language skills. Think about where you are at today, and where you were last week or last month. Maybe it doesn't seem like you have come very far. But if you stop and think about where you were six months ago, or even a year ago, then you see that you have made progress. You have improved your English, and that is a reason to celebrate your accomplishment. It gives you hope that as you continue to study and work hard at improving your English, you will reach your goal sooner or later!

Source : http://www.summit-esl.com/ten.tips.html